Is>s 


ILLUSTRATED 
PHONICS 


M. LIVES 


ILLUSTRATED  PHONICS 


A    TEXT-BOOK    FOR    SCHOOLS 


BY 
M.  I.   IVES 


LONGMANS,    GREEN,    AND    CO, 

91  AND  93  FIFTH  AVENUE,  NEW  YORK 

LONDON,     BOMBAY,    AND    CALCUTTA 
1909 


COPYRIGHT,  1909,  BY 
LONGMANS,  GREEN,  AND  CO. 


Stanbope  ipresa 

F.    H.   GILSON     COMPANY 
BOS  TO  N,      U.S.  A. 


PREFACE. 


THE  success  of  an  earlier  text-book  of  phonics  leads  the 
author  to  believe  that  this  book  needs  no  apology.  The 
theory  and  methods  herein  described  and  illustrated  have 
been  used  with  success  in  many  of  our  public  schools 
and  by  public  speakers  and  have  the  hearty  endorsement 
of  many  prominent  school  teachers  and  officials.  These 
methods  make  use  of  the  muscles  of  the  diaphragm  and 
abdomen,  as  an  aid  to  the  production  of  correct  sound  and 
purity  of  tone,  thereby  overcoming  throaty  and  imperfect 
articulation. 

School  authorities  are  agreed  as  to  the  vital  and  growing 
importance  of  work  of  this  kind.  A  large  and  increasing 
number  of  children  pass  through  the  schools  without  having 
learned  the  proper  use  of  the  organs  of  speech,  —  without 
having  formed  habits  of  correct  enunciation,  articulation, 
and  pronunciation.  This  is  especially  true  of  children  of 
foreign  parentage,  many  of  whom  are  preparing  to  be 
teachers. 

This  urgent  need  can  be  met  only  by  the  systematic  use 
of  a  correct  method,  based  on  scientific  principles,  —  such  a 
method  as  it  is  the  aim  of  this  book  to  provide.  A  special 
feature  of  the  method  —  the  value  of  which  has  been  proved 
by  long  and  successful  experience  —  is  the  use  of  appropriate 
motion  exercises  to  accompany  the  utterance  of  the  various 
sounds.  Thus,  an  explosive  sound  is  accompanied  with  an 
explosive  gesture,  a  continuous  sound  with  a  long  stretching 

284Jti99 


iv  PREFACE. 


motion,  syllables    with  clapping,  accented   syllables   with 
accentuated  clapping. 

Such  exercises  not  only  interest  the  children,  but  they 
also  serve  as  objective  and  tangible  signs  of  the  required 
action  of  the  vocal  organs.  The  use  of  pictures  to  show 
the  proper  positions  of  teeth,  lips,  tongue,  etc.,  needs  no 
comment. 

The  introduction  pages  of  this  book  acquaint  the  pupil 
with  motion  exercises  to  be  used  in  Part  I,  in  connection 
with  the  utterance  o£  vowel  and  consonant  sounds.  Added 
word  drills  furnish  an  application  of  the  practiced  sound. 

Part  II  contains  facial  positions  of  the  special  sound  to  be 
practiced.  Exercises  are  given  for  the  combining  of  vowels 
and  consonants  with  the  proper  motion  exercises.  These  are 
helpful  and  interesting  to  the  pupil  as  well  as  valuable  in 
gaining  flexibility  and  firmness  in  utterance  and  positively 
improving  enunciation,  articulation,  and  pronunciation. 

In  Part  III  practice  words  are  added  for  advanced  work 
with  further  application. 

M.  I.  I. 


CONTENTS. 


INTRODUCTION  TO  PART  I. 

PAGE 

Motion  or  Calisthenic  Exercises .  .  1 


PART   I. 

Combination  of  the  Vowel  or  Consonant  Sounds  and  Motion  Exercises 
used  with  the  Utterance  of  the  Sound  of  the  Letters  and  Words  for 
Practice 7 

PART  II. 

Combination  of  Vowel  and  Consonant  Sounds  with  Motion  Exercises 
According  to  previous  Directions  and  Words  for  Practice 59 

Order  of  Arrangement. 

Vowels  Short  and  Long  —  Aspirated  Element  —  Palatal  Sounds  — 
Nasal  Sounds  —  Lingual  Sounds  —  Dental  Sounds  —  Labial  Sounds 
—  Combinations  —  Practice  with  Short  and  Long  Vowels  with 
Accompanying  Motion  Exercises. 

PART  III. 

Classification  of  Consonant  and  Vowel  Sounds 103 

Order  of  Arrangement. 

Sub- vocals  or  Vocal  Consonants  and  Atonies  or  Aspirate  Consonants  — 
Correlatives  or  Cognates  —  Application  of  Short  and  Long  Vowel 
Sounds  to  Words  —  Classification  of  Consonants  into  Aspirates  and 
Sub-vocals  —  Classification  of  Consonants  According  to  the  Organs 
of  Speech  Used  —  Special  Practice  with  —  Homonyms  —  Practice 
with  Singular  and  Plural  of  Words  —  Clapping  Exercises  for  Use 
with  Vowel  Sounds,  Syllable  Drill  —  Practice  in  Holding  the  Mouth 
Positions  a  Certain  Time  Before  Uttering  Other  Sounds  in  Order  to 
Gain  Flexibility  —  Diacritical  Marks  arranged  in  Simple  Order. 


INTRODUCTION. 


MOTION  EXERCISES  USED   WITH  THE   SHORT 
VOWELS  IN  PART  I. 


POSITION   1. 


POSITION  2. 


SHORT  STRETCHING-  EXERCISE. 

This  exercise  is  to  be  used  when  giving  the  sounds  of  all 
the  short  vowels :  a,  e,  i,  o,  u,  and  y  when  a  vowel. 

Take  position  as  in  Fig.  1.  As  sounds  are  uttered, 
quickly  draw  hands  apart  to  position  in  Fig.  2.  This  gives 
the  abrupt  or  expulsive  sound  and  assists  the  pupil  to  bring 
into  play  the  muscles  of  the  diaphragm  as  well  as  the 
abdomen,  thus  overcoming  the  tendency  toward  throaty 
tones. 

i 


INTRODUCTION. 


MOTION  EXERCISES  USED   WITH  LONG  VOWELS 
IN  PART  I. 


POSITION  1. 


POSITION  2. 


LONG  STRETCHING  EXERCISE. 

This  exercise  is  to  be  used  when  giving  the  sounds  of  all 
the  long  vowels :  a,  e,  i,  o,  u,  and  y  when  a  vowel. 

Take  Position  1.  As  sounds  are  uttered,  slowly  draw 
hands  apart  to  Position  2.  This  method  differs  from  that 
for  short  vowels  as  the  sound  is  more  slowly  given. 

NOTE. —  No  one  need  suffer  from  weak,  sore  throats  if  the  exercises 
given  in  this  book  are  practiced  regularly.  Do  not  pitch  the  voice 
too  high  for  these  sounds. 


INTRODUCTION. 


MOTION  EXERCISES. 


POSITION   1. 


POSITION   2. 


PUSHING-  EXERCISE. 

This  exercise  is  to  be  used  in  giving  the  sounds  of  the 
following  letters :  h,  /,  r,  s,  v,  w9  y,  z,  a,  a,  $,j,  g. 

Place  hands  as  in  Position  1,  pushing  them  forward 
into  Position  2  as  the  breath  is  sent  forth  or  the  sound  is 
uttered. 

The  aim  of  this  exercise  is  to  assist  in  projecting  sounds 
and  words  and  overcoming  faulty  habits  of  articulation  and 
pronunciation.  It  brings  into  play  the  muscles  of  the 
diaphragm  and  abdomen,  thus  overcoming  the  tendency 
toward  nasal  twang  and  harsh,  throaty  tones. 

NOTE.  —  Do  not  pitch  the  voice  too  high  for  these  sounds. 


INTRODUCTION. 


MOTION  EXERCISES. 


POSITION   1. 


POSITION  2. 


EXERCISE  FOR    THE  PALATAL  SOUNDS. 

This  exercise  is  to  be  used  in  sounding  c  and  g  (hard)  k,  y. 

Take  position  as  in  Fig.  1.  As  sounds  are  uttered,  push 
hand  forward  into  Position  2,  as  in  picture.  Right  and  left 
hands  may  be  used  alternately. 

A  good  supply  of  breath  is  necessary  for  these  palatal 
sounds. 


INTRODUCTION. 


MOTION  EXERCISES. 


POSITION  1. 


POSITION  2. 


LIFTING  EXERCISE. 

This  exercise  is  to  be  used  when  giving  the  sounds  of  the 
following  letters :  /,  m,  and  n. 

Place  hands  in  Position  1,  and  as  sound  is  uttered,  raise 
arms  to  Position  2. 

With  the  lifting  exercise,  the  pupil  sees  that  the  tongue 
is  lifted  with  the  motion  of  the  arms  upward.  With  n,  the 
exercise  shows  that  the  breath  is  vocalized  through  the 
nostrils. 


INTRODUCTION. 


MOTION  EXERCISES. 


POSITION  1. 


POSITION   2. 


POUNDING  EXERCISE. 

This  exercise  is  to  be  used  when  giving  the  sounds  of  the 
following  letters :  6,  d,  p,  t. 

Place  hands  in  Position  1?  and  as  sound  is  uttered,  bring 
one  hand  down  with  force  to  Position  2,  as  if  in  the  act  of 
pounding.  Alternate  the  hands  in  continuing  the  exercise. 

The  aim  of  this  exercise  is  to  call  attention  to  the  abrupt 
or  explosive  sounds  of  the  above  letters. 


PAET    I 


SHORT  VOWEL  SOUND, 


a 


POSITION   1.  POSITION  2, 

SHORT  STRETCHING   EXERCISE. 

Use  this  short  stretching  exercise  while  uttering  the  short 
sound  of  letter  a.  Draw  hands  quickly  apart  from  Posi- 
tion 1  into  Position  2,  showing  the  explosive  sound. 

NOTE.  —  Do  not  pitch  the  voice  too  high  for  these  sounds. 


a 


at 


VOCAL  AND   CALISTHENIC  EXERCISE. 


LONG  VOWEL  SOUND. 


a 


POSITION   1. 


POSITION  2. 


LONG   STRETCHING   EXERCISE. 

Use  this  long  stretching  exercise  while  uttering  the  long 
sound  of  letter  a.  Shorten  the  closing  sound  of  this  letter. 

Draw  hands  slowly  apart  from  Position  1  into  Position  2, 
showing  the  continuous  or  long  sound  of  the  vowel. 

NOTE.  —  Do  not  pitch  the  voice  too  high  for  these  sounds. 


a 


ate 


VOCAL  AND   CALISTHENIC  EXERCISE. 


SHORT  VOWEL  SOUND. 


POSITION   1. 


POSITION  2. 


SHORT  STRETCHING  EXERCISE. 

Use  this  short  stretching  exercise  while  uttering  the  short 
sound  o±  letter  e. 

Draw  hands  quickly  apart  from  Position  1  into  Position  2, 
showing  the  abrupt  or  explosive  sound  of  the  voweL 

NOTE.  —  Do  not  pitch  the  voice  too  high  for  these  sounds. 


10 


VOCAL  AND  CALISTHENIC  EXERCISE. 


LONG  VOWEL   SOUND. 


POSITION   1. 


POSITION  2. 


LONG  STRETCHING  EXERCISE. 

Use  this  long  stretching  exercise  while  uttering  the  long 
sound  of  letter  e. 

Draw  hands  slowly  apart  from  Position  1  to  Position  2? 
showing  the  continuous  or  long  sound  of  the  vowel. 

NOTE.  —  Do  not  pitch  the  voice  too  high  for  these  sounds. 


eel 


VOCAL  AND  CALISTHENIC  EXERCISE. 


11 


SHORT  VOWEL  SOUND. 


POSITION   1. 


POSITION  2. 


SHORT  STRETCHING  EXERCISE. 

Use  this  short  stretching  exercise  while  uttering  the  short 
sound  of  letter  i. 

Draw  hands  quickly  apart  from  Position  1  into  Position  2, 
showing  the  abrupt  or  explosive  sound  of  the  vowel. 

NOTE.  —  Do  not  pitch  the  voice  too  high  for  these  sounds. 


it 


12 


VOCAL  AND  CALISTHENIC  EXERCISE. 


LONG   VOWEL   SOUND. 


POSITION   1. 


POSITION   2. 


LONG  STRETCHING  EXERCISE. 

Use  this  long  stretching  exercise  while  uttering  the  long 
sound  of  letter  i.  (Shorten  closing  sound  of  this  letter.) 

Draw  hands  slowly  apart  from  Position  1  into  Position  2, 
showing  the  continuous  or  long  sound  of  the  vowel. 

NOTE.  —  Do  not  pitch  the  voice  too  high  for  these  sounds. 


ice 


VOCAL  AND   CALISTHENIC  EXERCISE. 


13 


SHORT  VOWEL   SOUND. 


o 


POSITION   1. 


POSITION  2. 


SHORT  STRETCHING  EXERCISE. 

Use  this  short  stretching  exercise  while  uttering  the  short 
sound  of  letter  o. 

Draw  hands  quickly  apart  from  Position  1  into  Position  2, 
showing  the  abrupt  or  explosive  sound  of  the  vowel. 

NOTE.  —  Do  not  pitch  the  voice  too  high  for  these  sounds. 


o 


off 


14 


VOCAL  AND  CALISTHENIC   EXERCISE. 


LONG  VOWEL  SOUND. 


o 


POSITION   1. 


POSITION   2. 


LONG  STRETCHING  EXERCISE. 

Use  this  long  stretching  exercise  while  uttering  the  long 
sound  of  letter  o. 

Draw  hands  slowly  apart  from  Position  1  into  Position  2, 
showing  the  continuous  or  long  sound  of  the  vowel. 

NOTE.  —  Do  not  pitch,  the  voice  too  high  for  these  sounds. 


O 


oak 


VOCAL  AND  CALISTHENIC  EXERCISE. 


15 


SHORT    VOWEL   SOUND, 


u 


POSITION   1. 


POSITION  2. 


SHORT  STRETCHING  EXERCISE. 

Use  this  short  stretching  exercise  while  uttering  the  short 
sound  of  letter  u. 

Draw  hands  quickly  apart  from  Position  1  into  Position  2, 
showing  the  abrupt  or  explosive  sound  of  the  vowel. 

NOTE.  —  Do  not  pitch  the  voice  too  high  for  these  sounds. 


U 


US 


16 


VOCAL  AND   CALISTHENIC   EXERCISE. 


LONG  VOWEL   SOUND. 


u 


POSITION   1. 


POSITION  2. 


LONG  STRETCHING  EXERCISE. 

Use  this  long  stretching  exercise  while  uttering  the  long 
sound  of  letter  u. 

Draw  hands  slowly  apart  from  Position  1  into  Position  2, 
showing  the  continuous  or  long  sound  of  the  vowel. 

NOTE.  —  Do  not  pitch  the  voice  too  high  for  these  sounds. 


U 


use 


VOCAL  AND   CALISTHENIC  EXERCISE. 


17 


BREATHING  FOR   LETTER    h. 


h 


POSITION   1. 


POSITION  2. 


PUSHING  EXERCISE. 


Use  this  pushing  exercise  with  the  expulsion  of  the 
breath  for  the  letter  h,  pushing  hands  forward  at  the  same 
time  from  Position  1  to  Position  2  as  the  breath  is  sent 
forth. 


h 


hat 


18 


VOCAL  AND  CALISTHENIC  EXERCISE. 


PALATE  SOUND. 
IV  like~O  hard 


POSITION  1. 


POSITION  2. 


EXERCISE  FOR  THE  PALATE  SOUND. 

Place  the  hand  in  front  of  the  throat  as  in  Position  1, 
showing  that  the  sound  is  made  by  the  aid  of  the  palate. 
As  sound  is  uttered,  push  hand  forward  to  Position  2, 
"  exploding  the  aspiration  against  the  palate." 

A  good  supply  of  the  breath  is  necessary  for  this  sound. 


kite 


VOCAL  AND   CALISTHENIC  EXERCISE. 


19 


PALATE  SOUND. 
hard  like   fv 


POSITION  1. 


POSITION  2. 


EXERCISE  SHOWING  PALATE  SOUND. 

Place  the  hand  in  front  of  the  throat  as  in  Position  1, 
showing  that  the  sound  is  made  by  the  aid  of  the  palate. 
As  sound  is  uttered,  push  hand  forward  to  Position  2, 
"  exploding  the  aspiration  against  the  palate." 

A  good  supply  of  the  breath  is  necessary  for  this  sound. 


cat 


20 


VOCAL  AND  CALISTHENIC  EXERCISE. 


PALATE   SOUND. 


g 


POSITION   1. 


POSITION  2. 


EXERCISE  FOR  PALATE  SOUND. 

Place  the  hand  in  front  of  the  throat  as  in  Position  1, 
showing  that  the  sound  is  made  by  the  aid  of  the  palate. 
As  sound  is  uttered,  push  hand  forward  into  Position  2. 
This  sound  is  uttered  by  an  explosive  effort  in  the  back 
part  of  the  throat  or  against  the  palate ;  the  back  part  of 
the  tongue  must  press  against  the  palate. 


g 


gun 


VOCAL  AND  CALISTHENIC   EXERCISE. 


21 


PALATE   SOUND, 


POSITION   1. 


POSITION  2. 


EXERCISE  SHOWING-   THIS  IS  A  PALATE  SOUND. 

Place  the  hand  in  front  of  throat  as  in  Position  1, 
showing  that  the  sound  is  made  in  the  throat  in  front  of 
the  palate.  As  sound  is  uttered,  push  hand  forward  to 
Position  2. 


yet 


22 


VOCAL  AND  CALISTHENIC  EXERCISE. 


VOWEL   SOUND. 


a 


POSITION  1. 


POSITION  2. 


SHORT  STRETCHING-  EXERCISE. 

Use  this  short  stretching  exercise  while  uttering  the 
sound  of  letter  a  like  a  in  ask. 

Draw  hands  quickly  apart  from  Position  1  into  Position  2, 
showing  the  abrupt  or  explosive  sound  of  the  vowel. 

NOTE.  —  Do  not  pitch  the  voice  too  high  for  these  sounds. 


a 


ask 


VOCAL  AND  CALISTHENIC  EXERCISE. 


23 


NASAL   OR   NOSE   SOUND, 


n 


POSITION    1. 


POSITION  2. 


LIFTING  EXERCISE. 

Use  this  lifting  exercise  while  uttering  the  sound  of 
letter  n.  Place  hands  in  Position  1,  and  as  the  sound  is 
uttered,  raise  arms  to  Position  2  as  in  picture.  This  exer- 
cise will  show  that  the  breathing  is  vocalized  through  the 
nose  in  giving  the  sound  of  letter  n,  as  the  hands  are  lifted 
upward. 


n 


net 


24 


VOCAL  AND  CALISTHENIC  EXERCISE. 


NASAL   SOUND, 


ng 


POSITION  1. 


POSITION  2. 


EXERCISE  FOR  ng. 

Place  the  hand  in  front  of  throat  as  in  Position  1.     As 
sound  is  uttered  push  hand  forward  into  Position  2. 


ng          sing 


VOCAL  AND  CALISTHENIC  EXERCISE. 


25 


NASAL  SOUND,     (n  like  ng,  as  n  in  ink.) 


HlikeHg 


POSITION   1. 


POSITION  2. 


EXERCISE  FOR  n  BEFORE  k,   LIKE  ng. 

Place  the  hand  in  front  of  throat  as  in  Position  1.     As 
sound  is  uttered  push  hand  forward  into  Position  2. 

NOTE.  —  n  like  ng  for  n  before  the  sound  of  k  or  hard  g  as  in  bank, 
linger,  etc. 


n 


ink 


26 


VOCAL  AND  CALISTHENIC   EXERCISE. 


VOWEL  SOUND   OF   a   (ITALIAN), 

•• 

a 


POSITION   1. 


POSITION   2. 


PUSHING  EXERCISE. 

Use  this  pushing  exercise  while  uttering  the  sound  of 
letter  a  (Italian).  Place  hands  in  Position  1,  pushing  them 
forward  into  Position  2.  The  aim  of  this  exercise  is  to 
assist  in  projecting  the  proper  sound.  It  brings  into  play 
the  muscles  of  the  diaphragm  and  abdomen. 

NOTE.  —  Do  not  pitch  the  voice  too  high  for  these  sounds. 


a 


arm 


VOCAL   AND  CALISTHENIC  EXERCISE. 


27 


TONGUE   SOUND. 


POSITION   1. 


POSITION  2. 


LIFTING  EXERCISE. 

Use  this  lifting  exercise  while  uttering  the  sound  of 
letter  /.  Place  hands  in  Position  1,  and  as  the  sound  is 
uttered  raise  arms  to  Position  2  as  in  picture.  This  exer- 
cise will  show  that  the  hands  as  well  as  the  tongue  are 
lifted  upward  while  in  the  act  of  uttering  the  sound  of  the 
letter  I. 


lap 


28 


VOCAL  AND  CALISTHENIC  EXERCISE. 


TONGUE   SOUND. 

r 


POSITION   1. 


POSITION   2. 


PUSHING  EXERCISE. 


Use  tliis  pushing  exercise  while  uttering  the  sound  of 
letter  r.  Place  hands  in  Position  1?  pushing  them  forward 
into  Position  2.  The  aim  of  this  exercise  is  to  assist  in 
projecting  the  sound. 


rat 


VOCAL  AND  CALISTHENIC  EXERCISE. 


29 


THE  SOUND   OF   a   (BROAD). 


a 


POSITION   1. 


POSITION   2. 


PUSHING  EXERCISE. 

Use  this  pushing  exercise  while  uttering  the  sound  of 
a  broad.  Place  hands  in  Position  1,  pushing  them  forward 
into  Position  2.  The  aim  of  this  exercise  is  to  assist  in 
projecting  the  proper  sound  of  the  letter.  It  brings  into 
play  the  muscles  of  the  diaphragm  and  abdomen. 

NOTE.  —  Do  not  pitch  the  voice  too  high  for  these  sounds. 


a 


all 


30 


VOCAL  AND  CALISTHENIC  EXERCISE. 


VOWEL  SOUND,     (a  like  short  o), 

a 


POSITION   1. 


POSITION  2. 


SHORT  STRETCHING   EXERCISE. 

Use  this  short  stretching  exercise  while  uttering  the 
sound  of  letter  a  like  a  in  was. 

Draw  hands  quickly  apart  from  Position  1  into  Position  2, 
showing  the  abrupt  or  explosive  sound  of  the  vowel. 


a 


was 


VOCAL  AND   CALISTHENIC  EXERCISE. 


31 


TEETH  SOUND. 


POSITION   1. 


POSITION  2. 


POUNDING  EXERCISE. 

Use  this  pounding  exercise  while  uttering  the  sound  of 
letter  t.  Place  hand  in  Position  1,  and  as  the  sound  is 
uttered  bring  the  hand  down  with  force  into  Position  2,  as 
if  in  the  act  of  pounding.  The  aim  of  this  exercise  is  to 
call  attention  to  the  explosive  (breath)  sound  of  the  letter. 


tent 


32 


VOCAL  AND   CALISTHENIC  EXERCISE. 


TEETH   SOUND, 


d 


POSITION   1. 


POSITION  2. 


POUNDING  EXERCISE. 

Use  this  pounding  exercise  while  uttering  the  sound  of 
letter  d.  Place  hand  in  Position  1?  and  as  the  sound  is 
uttered  bring  the  hand  down  with  force  into  Position  2,  as 
if  in  the  act  of  pounding.  The  aim  of  this  exercise  is  to 
call  attention  to  the  abrupt  or  explosive  sound  of  the  letter. 


d 


dog 


VOCAL  AND  CALISTHENIC  EXERCISE. 


33 


TEETH   SOUND. 


ch 


POSITION   1. 


POSITION  2. 


PUSHING  EXERCISE. 

Use  this  pushing  exercise  while  uttering  sound  of  letters 
ch.  '  Place  the  hands  in  Position  1,  pushing  them  forward 
into  Position  2.  The  aim  of  this  exercise  is  to  assist  in 
projecting  the  breath.  It  brings  into  play  the  muscles  of 
the  diaphragm  and  abdomen. 


ch 


chest 


34 


VOCAL  AND   CALISTHENIC  EXERCISE. 


TEETH   SOUND. 


• 

J  like  soft 


POSITION   1. 


POSITION   2. 


SHORT  PUSHING  EXERCISE. 

Use  this  pushing  exercise  while  uttering  sound  of  letter  j. 
Place  the  hands  in  Position  1,  pushing  them  forward  into 
Position  2.  The  aim  of  this  exercise  is  to  assist  in  projecting 
the  sound.  It  brings  into  play  the  muscles  of  the  diaphragm 
and  abdomen. 


jet 


VOCAL  AND   CALISTHENIC  EXERCISE. 


35 


TEETH  SOUND. 

•  • 

soft  like   J 


POSITION   1. 


POSITION  2. 


SHORT  PUSHING   EXERCISE. 

Use  this  pushing  exercise  while  uttering  sound  of  letter  g 
soft.  Place  the  hands  in  Position  1,  pushing  them  forward 
into  Position  2.  The  aim  of  this  exercise  is  to  assist  in 
projecting  the  sound.  It  brings  into  play  the  muscles  of 
the  diaphragm  and  abdomen. 


g 


gem 


36 


VOCAL  AND   CALISTHENIC  EXERCISE. 


TEETH   SOUND. 
S  like  C 


POSITION   1. 


POSITION  2. 


PUSHING  EXERCISE. 

Use  this  pushing  exercise  while  uttering  the  sound  of 
letter  s  or  c  soft.  Place  hands  in  Position  1?  pushing  them 
forward  into  Position  2.  The  aim  of  this  exercise  is  to 
assist  in  projecting  the  breath.  It  brings  into  play  the 
muscles  of  the  diaphragm  and  abdomen. 


sun 


VOCAL  AND   CALISTHENIC  EXERCISE. 


37 


TEETH  SOUND. 
O    soft  like  O 


POSITION   1. 


POSITION  2. 


PUSHING  EXERCISE. 

Use  this  pushing  exercise  while  uttering  the  sound  of 
letter  c  soft  or  s.  Place  hands  in  Position  1,  pushing  them 
forward  into  Position  2.  The  aim  of  this  exercise  is  to 
assist  in  projecting  the  breath.  It  brings  into  play  the 
muscles  of  the  diaphragm  and  abdomen. 


cent 


38 


VOCAL  AND   CALISTHENIC  EXERCISE. 


TEETH  SOUND. 

z 


POSITION  1. 


POSITION  2. 


PUSHING  EXERCISE. 

Use  this  pushing  exercise  while  uttering  the  sound  of 
letter  z.  Place  hands  in  Position  1,  pushing  them  forward 
into  Position  2.  The  aim  of  this  exercise  is  to  assist  in 
projecting  the  proper  sound.  It  brings  into  play  the 
muscles  of  the  diaphragm  and  abdomen. 


zone 


VOCAL  AND   CALISTHENIC  EXERCISE. 


39 


TEETH  SOUND. 

sh 


POSITION   1. 


POSITION  2. 


PUSHING  EXERCISE. 

Use  this  pushing  exercise  while  uttering  sound  of  letters  sh. 
Place  the  hands  in  Position  1,  pushing  them  forward  into 
Position  2.  The  aim  of  this  exercise  is  to  assist  in  project- 
ing the  breath.  It  brings  into  play  the  muscles  of  the 
diaphragm  and  abdomen. 


sh 


shade 


40 


VOCAL  AND   CALISTHENIC  EXERCISE. 


TEETH  SOUND. 

zh 


POSITION   1. 


POSITION   2. 


PUSHING  EXERCISE. 

Use  this  pushing  exercise  while  uttering  the  sound  of 
zh.  Place  hands  in  Position  1,  pushing  them  forward  into 
Position  2.  The  aim  of  this  exercise  is  to  assist  in  project- 
ing the  sound.  It  brings  into  play  the  muscles  of  the 
diaphragm  and  abdomen. 


zh 


azure 


VOCAL  AND  CALISTHENIC  EXERCISE. 


41 


DENTAL  OR  TEETH  SOUND. 
Lil     aspirate 


POSITION  1. 


POSITION  2. 


PUSHING  EXERCISE. 


Use  this  pushing  exercise  while  uttering  the  sound  of 
letters  th  aspirate.  Place  the  hands  in  Position  1,  pushing 
them  forward  into  Position  2.  The  aim  of  this  exercise  is 
to  assist  in  projecting  the  breath.  It  brings  into  play  the 
muscles  of  the  diaphragm  and  abdomen. 


th 


three 


42 


VOCAL  AND   CALISTHENIC   EXERCISE. 


DENTAL  OR  TEETH  SOUND. 
TJTi     vocal 


POSITION   1. 


POSITION  2. 


PUSHING   EXERCISE. 

Use  this  pushing  exercise  while  uttering  the  sound  of 
letters  til  vocal.  Place  the  hands  in  Position  1,  pushing 
them  forward  into  Position  2.  The  aim  of  this  exercise 
is  to  assist  in  projecting  the  sound.  It  brings  into  play  the 
muscles  of  the  diaphragm  and  abdomen. 


th 


them 


VOCAL  AND  CALISTHENIC  EXERCISE. 


43 


SHORT  VOWEL   SOUND. 


like    1 


POSITION   1. 


POSITION  2. 


SHORT  STRETCHING  EXERCISE. 

Use  this  short  stretching  exercise  while  uttering  the  short 
sound  of  letter  i  for  y. 

Draw  hands  quickly  apart  from  Position  1  into  Position  2, 
showing  the  abrupt  or  explosive  sound  of  the  vowel. 


hymn 


44 


VOCAL  AND   CALISTHENIC  EXERCISE. 


LONG  VOWEL  SOUND. 


like  1 


POSITION   1. 


POSITION  2. 


LONG   STRETCHING  EXERCISE. 

Use  this  long  stretching  exercise  while  uttering  the  long 
sound  of  letter  i  for  y.  Shorten  closing  sound  of  I. 

Draw  hands  slowly  apart  from  Position  1  into  Position  2, 
showing  the  continuous  or  long  sound  of  the  vowel. 


my 


VOCAL  AND   CALISTHENIC  EXERCISE. 


45 


LIP   SOUND. 


P 


POSITION   1. 


POSITION  2. 


POUNDING  EXERCISE. 

Use  this  exercise  with  the  aspiration  or  whispering  effort 
for  the  letter  p. 

Place  hand  in  Position  1,  and  as  the  breath  is  expelled 
bring  the  hand  down  to  Position  2,  as  if  in  the  act  of 
pounding. 

The  aim  of  this  exercise  is  to  call  attention  to  the  abrupt 
or  explosive  nature  of  this  letter. 


P 


pole 


46 


VOCAL  AND  CALISTHENIC  EXERCISE. 


LIP  SOUND, 


b 


POSITION   1. 


POSITION   2. 


POUNDING  EXERCISE. 

Use  this  exercise  while  uttering  the  sound  of  letter  b. 

Place  hand  in  Position  1?  and  as  the  sound  is  uttered 
bring  the  hand  down  with  force  into  Position  2,  as  if  in  the 
act  of  pounding. 

The  aim  of  this  exercise  is  to  call  attention  to  the  abrupt 
or  explosive  sound  of  the  letter. 


bib 


VOCAL  AND  CALISTHENIC  EXERCISE. 


47 


LIP  SOUND. 


POSITION   1. 


POSITION  2. 


PUSHING  EXERCISE. 

Use  this  exercise  with  the  expulsion  of  the  breath  or  the 
whispering  effort  for/. 

Place  hands  as  in  Position  1,  pushing  them  forward  as  in 
Position  2  as  the  breath  is  sent  forth. 

The  aim  of  this  exercise  is  to  impress  upon  the  pupils  that 
they  must  push  out  breath  for  this  letter. 


face 


48 


VOCAL  AND  CALISTHENIC  EXERCISE. 


LIP  SOUND. 

V 


POSITION   1. 


POSITION  2. 


PUSHING  EXERCISE. 

Use  this  pushing  exercise  while  uttering  the  sound  of 
letter  v. 

Place  hands  as  in  Position  1,  pushing  them  forward  into 
Position  2  like  picture. 

The  aim  of  this  exercise  is  to  assist  in  projecting  the 
proper  sound.  It  brings  into  play  the  muscles  of  the 
diaphragm  and  abdomen. 


V 


vane 


VOCAL  AND   CALISTHENIC  EXERCISE. 


49 


LIP  SOUND. 

m 


POSITION   1. 


POSITION  2. 


LIFTING  EXERCISE. 


Use  this  exercise  while  uttering  the  sound  of  letter  m. 
Place  hands  in  Position  1,  and  as  the  sound  is  uttered 
raise  arms  to  Position  2- as  in  picture. 


m 


muff 


50 


VOCAL  AND    CALISTHENIC  EXERCISE. 


LIP   SOUND 

w 


POSITION   1. 


POSITION   2. 


PUSHING  EXERCISE. 

Use  this  pushing  exercise  while  uttering  the  sound  of 
letter  w. 

Place  hands  as  in  Position  1?  pushing  them  forward  into 
Position  2. 

The  aim  of  this  exercise  is  to  assist  in  projecting  the  proper 
sound.  It  brings  into  play  the  muscles  of  the  diaphragm 
and  abdomen. 


W 


wall 


VOCAL  AND   CALISTHENIC  EXERCISE. 


51 


COMBINATION  EXERCISES, 


wh 


POSITION  1. 


POSITION  2. 


PUSHING  EXERCISE. 


Place  hands  as  in  Position  1?  pushing  them  forward  into 
Position  2,  as  the  breath  sound  of  wh  is  uttered. 


wh 


white 


52 


VOCAL  AND  CALISTHENIC  EXERCISE. 


COMBINATION  EXERCISES. 


qu  like  kw 


POSITION   1. 


POSITION  2. 


FOR  COMBINATION  SOUND. 


Place  the  hand  in  front  of  throat  as  in  Position  1.  As 
sound  is  uttered,  push  hand  forward  into  Position  2.  A  good 
supply  of  the  breath  is  necessary  for  these  sounds,  q  is 
always  followed  by  u,  and  the  two  have  the  sound  of  kw. 


qu 


queen 


VOCAL  AND  CALISTHENIC  EXERCISE. 


53 


COMBINATIONS. 


X.  like  KS  and 


POSITION  for  the  first  part  of  the 
sound  of  x  as  k  or  g. 


POSITION  for  last  part  of  the  sound 
of  x  as  s  or  z. 


COMBINATION  EXERCISE. 
Showing1  the  two  Sounds  of  x. 

When  the  hand  is  moved  quickly  from  under  the  chin, 
the  first  part  of  the  sound  of  x  (k  or  g)  is  blended  with  the 
vanishing  sound,  s  or  z. 

The  position  of  mouth  for  the  first  part  of  the  sound  of  x 
is  shown  in  the  left-hand  picture. 

The  position  of  mouth  for  the  vanishing  sound  of  x  (s  or  z) 
is  shown  in  the  right-hand  picture. 


ax 


54 


VOCAL  AND   CALISTHENIC  EXERCISE. 


VOWEL  SOUND,    (a   like   a   in  care.) 


a 


POSITION  1. 


POSITION  2. 


SHORT  STRETCHING  EXERCISE. 

Use  this  short  stretching  exercise  while  uttering  the  sound 
of  letter  like  a  in  care. 

Draw  hands  quickly  apart  from  Position  1  into  Position  2. 


a 


care 


VOCAL  AND  CALISTHENIC  EXERCISE. 


55 


INITIAL  AND  FINAL  CONSONANTS  OR  BLENDS. 


POSITION  1.  POSITION  2. 

POUNDING  EXERCISE. 

Place  hands  in  Position  1?  and,  as  sound  is  uttered,  bring 
one  hand  down  to  Position  2,  as  if  in  the  act  of  pounding. 
Alternate  hands  in  continuing  the  exercise. 

Use  this  exercise  with  the  Initial  and  Final  Consonants. 

INITIAL  CONSONANTS. 


bl 

si 

ch 

cr 

tr 

cl 

spl 

sh 

dr 

sm 

fl 

sc 

th 

fr 

sn 

gl 

sk 

wh 

gr 

sp 

pi 

str 

br 

pr 

st 

FINAL  CONSONANTS. 

ble  It  nt  rd 

Id  nd  ng  rm 

If  mp  pie  rk 


rn 

sk 


56 


VOCAL  AND   CALISTHENIC  EXERCISE. 


INITIAL  CONSONANTS  OR  BLENDS. 


POSITION  1. 


POSITION  2. 


PRACTICE  WORDS  —  INITIALS. 


bl 
cl 

fl 

gl 
Pi 

sl 
spl 

S€ 
SC 

sk 
str 
ch 
sh 


•black 

claw 

flag 

glass 

plate 

slant 

splash 

scar 

scene 

skate 

strap 

chair 

shad 


bless 

clean 

flesh 

glee 

please 

sled 

splen  did 

scare 

scent 

sketch 

street 

cheese 

shed 


blind 

clip 

flint 

glide 

pli  ers 

slide 

splint 

scarf 

scis  sors 

skirt 

string 

child 

ship 


VOCAL  AND   CALISTHENIC  EXERCISE. 


57 


INITIAL  CONSONANTS  OR  BLENDS. 


POSITION  1. 


POSITION  2. 


POUNDING  EXERCISE. 
PRACTICE  WORDS  -INITIALS. 


th 

wh 

br 

cr 

dr 

fr 

gr 

pr 

tr 

sm 

sn 

sp 

st 


that 

whale 

brave 

crab 

drag 

frame 

grape 

pray 

trap 

small 

snap 

space 

start 


then 

when 

breeze 

creep 

dress 

free 

green 

press 

tree 

smelt 

sneeze 

spend 

step 


this 

white 

bride 

crisp 

drink 

frill 

grind 

price 

trip 

smile 

snip 

spin 

still 


58 


VOCAL  AND   CALISTHENIC  EXERCISE. 


FINAL  CONSONANTS  OR  BLENDS. 


POSITION  1. 


POSITION  2. 


POUNDING  EXERCISE. 
PRACTICE  WORDS  —  FINALS. 


ble 
Id 

If 
It 

nd 

mp 

nt 

ng 

pie 

rd 

rm 

rk 

rn 

sk 


a  ble 

cold 

self 

salt 

and 

lamp 

ant 

ring 

ap  pie 

card 

arm 

lark 

earn 

ask 


Bi  ble 

fold 

shelf 

melt 

land 

bump 

cent 

sing 

pur  pie 

board 

charm 

fork 

learn 

task 


no  ble 

gold 

elf 

colt 

hand 

lump 

lent 

spring 

sam  pie 

lard 

farm 

pork 

horn 

mask 


PART  II. 


COMBINATION   OF   SHORT  VOWELS  WITH   CONSONANT 

SOUNDS 


a 


Short  Stretch. 

ab 
ad 

absent 

act 

had 

a     a— t 


EXERCISE.  —  Use  Short  Stretching  Exercise. 

Short  Stretch.  Short   Stretch.  Short  Stretch. 

al 


af 


ag 


am 
an 


ap      ax 

as 

at 


€-a-t 


PRACTICE  WORDS. 

taffy  album  apple 

bag  amber  has 

agile  and  hat 

cat  a    t-a  t-a-n    tan 

59 


60 


MOTION  EXERCISES. 


LONG  VOWEL  WITH   CONSONANT  SOUNDS. 


a 


POSITION   1. 


POSITION   2. 


EXERCISE. —  Use  Long  Stretching  Exercise. 


Long  Stretch. 

Long  Stretch. 

Long  Stretch. 

Long  Stretch. 

ab 

af 

51 

ap 

av 

ae 
ad 

ag 
ak 

am 
an 

as 
at 

able 
ache 
aid 


cL     u 


PRACTICE  WORDS. 

safe  pale  ape    save 

age  same  base 

make  pane  ate 

ate  a     t-a  t-a-p     tape 


NOTE.  —  Shorten  sound  in  closing  position  of  a. 


MOTION  EXERCISES. 


61 


SHORT  VOWEL  WITH   CONSONANT   SOUNDS. 


EXERCISE. 

—  Use  Short  £ 

1 

2 

3 

Short  Stretch. 

Short  Stretch. 

Short  Stretch. 

eb 

ef 

em 

ec 
ed 

eg 
el 

en 
ep 

Short  Stretch.      Short  Stretch. 

es  ex 

et 

ev 


PRACTICE  WORDS. 

ebb  effort  hem  rest  exit 

deck  leg  hen  pet 

edge  elm  pepper  ever 

e-n       e-nd        end  e  d-e        d-e-n      den 


62 


MOTION  EXERCISES. 


LONG  VOWEL  WITH   CONSONANT   SOUNDS. 


EXERCISE-  —  Use  Long  Stretching  Exercise. 

1234 
Long  Stretch.  Long  Stretch.  Long  Stretch.  Long  Stretch. 

ed  em  er  ev 

ef  en  es 

el  ep  et 

PRACTICE  WORDS. 

seed  team  deer 

beef  queen 

heel  sheep 

e         e-1         eel  e         b-e 


geese 
sheet 


sleeve 


be         bee 


MOTION  EXERCISES. 


63 


SHORT  VOWEL   WITH   CONSONANT   SOUNDS. 


EXERCISE.  —  Use  Short  Stretching  Exercise. 


Short  Stretch. 

Short  Stretch. 

Short  Stretch. 

Short  Stretch. 

ib 

if 

im 

IS 

1C 

Ik 

in 

It 

id 

ll 

IP 

IX 

bib 

pick 

lid 

I      i-l      ill 


PRACTICE  WORDS. 

sift                         him  his 

tick                       pin  pit 

hill                         lip  fix 

i     l-i  1-i-p     lip 


64 


MOTION  EXERCISES. 


LONG  VOWEL   WITH   CONSONANT   SOUNDS, 


POSITION  1. 


POSITION   2. 


EXERCISE.  —  Use  Long  Stretching  Exercise. 

123 

Long  Stretch.  Long  Stretch.  Long  Stretch. 

id  II  ip 

if  im  ir 

ik  in  is 


Long  Stretch. 
it 
IV 


ripe 
hire 


PRACTICE  WORDS. 

ride  mile 

life  lime 

like  line  rise 

I      i-c      ice  I     n-i 

NOTE.  —  Shorten  sound  of  closing  position  of  t. 


mite 
hive 

n-i-n     nine 


MOTION   EXERCISES. 


65 


SHORT  VOWEL   WITH   CONSONANT  SOUNDS. 


o 


Short  Stretch, 
Ob 

oc 
od 


rob 

lock 

God 

o       o-d 


EXERCISE.  —C/se  Short  Stretching  Exercise. 

2  3 

Short  Stretch.         Short  Stretch. 

of  om 

og  on 

ol  op 


4  5 

Short  Stretch.     Short  Stretch. 

or  5x 

OS 

ot 


PRACTICE  WORDS. 


coffee 

log 

olive 

odd 


Tom 

con 

hop 

o       d-o 


orange 

lost 

lot 


fox 


d-o-g       dog 


66 


MOTION   EXERCISES. 


VOWEL  SOUND  WITH  CONSONANT  SOUNDS, 


o 


POSITION   1. 


POSITION   2. 


robe 
road 
loaf 


o-ld 


EXERCISE.  —  Use  Long  Stretching  Exercise. 
2  3 


Long  Stretch. 

Long  £ 

ob 
od 

Og 

ok 

of 

51 

Long  Stretch. 

Long  Stretch. 

om 

or 

on 

OS 

op 

ot 

PRACTICE  WORDS. 

rogue 

oak 

pole 


old 


home 

lone 

rope 

l-o 


ore    rove 

rose 

boat 


1-o-n 


lone 


MOTION   EXERCISES. 


67 


VOWEL  SOUND  WITH  CONSONANT  SOUNDS. 


u 


EXERCISE.  —  Use  Short  Stretching  Exercise. 


Short  Stretch 

Short  Stretch. 

Short  Stretch. 

Short  Stretch. 

ub 

uf 

iim 

US 

iic 
ud 

ug 
ul 

fin 

up 

rub 

luck 

mud 


PRACTICE  WORDS 

muff 


bug 
mull 


u       u-p       iip-per     upper 


u 


gum 
gun 
cup 

p-u 


dust 


p-u-p        pup 


68 


MOTION   EXERCISES. 


VOWEL   SOUND   WITH  CONSONANT  SOUNDS. 


u 


POSITION   1, 


POSITION  2. 


EXERCISE.  —  Use  Long  Stretching  Exercise. 


.1 

2 

3 

4 

Long  Stretch. 

Long  Stretch. 

Long  Stretch 

Long  Stretch 

ub 

ul 

up 

Ut 

ud 

um 

ur 

UP" 

un 

us 

U 


tube 
sued 
huge 

u-s       use 


PRACTICE  WORDS. 

mule  dupe 

pure 


fume 


tune 


muse 
u     t-u 


mute 


t-u-n     tune 


MOTION  EXERCISES. 


69 


a   (ITALIAN)   WITH   CONSONANT   SOUNDS. 


a 


a    ar    arm 
a    ar    art 
a    ar    barn 


EXERCISE.  —  Use  Long  Pushing  Exercise. 

PRACTICE  WORDS. 
2  345 

ar  arch  ar  ark  ar  cart  ar  lark 
ar  are  ar  army  ar  card  ar  bark 
ar  farm  ar  artist  ar  harm  ar  dark 


a     ar     a-rm     arm 
a     ar     a-rt       art 


a       f-ar       f-ar-m      farm 
a       1-ark     1-ar-k      lark 


70 


MOTION   EXERCISES. 


a   (BROAD)   WITH   CONSONANT  SOUNDS. 

a 


EXERCISE.  —  Use  Long  Pushing  Exercise. 


1 


Long  Push.     Long  Push.    Long  Push.     Long  Push. 


ba 
«a 
da 


ball 
call 
dawn 

a-1 


fa 
ha 


fall 
gall 
hall 

all 


la 

ma 


na 
pa 
qua 


PRACTICE  WORDS. 

jaw          naught 
law          paw 
malt        quart 

a  b-a 


5 

6 

Long  Push. 

Long  Push. 

ra 

va 

sa 

wa 

ta 

raw 

vault 

saw 

wall 

tall 

b-a-1 

ball 

MOTION  EXERCISES, 


71 


VOWEL   SOUND,     (y  like  I). 


PRACTICE  WORDS. 


f 

h  y  mn 

hymn 

CD 

y 

n  y  mph 

nymph 

.  co 

y 

baby 

baby 

(i) 

y 

Lil-y 

Lily 

y 

man-y 

many 

y 

a-byss 

abyss 

y 

ru-by 

ruby 

y 

hick-o-ry 

hickory 

y 

hol-ly-hock 

hollyhock 

MOTION  EXERCISES. 


VOWEL  SOUND,    (y  like  I.) 


POSITION   1. 

NOTE.  —  Shorten  the  closing  sound  of  letter. 
PRACTICE  WORDS. 


POSITION  2. 


y 

my 

my 

(I) 

y 

sky 

sky 

CO 

y 

fl  y 

fly 

y 

hy-drant 

hydrant 

y 

hy-phen 

hyphen 

y 

cy-press 

cypress 

y 

hy-son 

hyson 

y 

sky-ward 

skyward 

y 

ed-i-fy 

edify 

MOTION  EXERCISES. 


73 


BREATHING  FOR  h  WITH  VOWEL  SOUNDS, 


h 


EXERCISE. 

1 

2                              3 

4 

Short  Stretch. 

Long  Stretch.          Short  Push. 

Long  Push, 

ha 

ha                   ha 

ha 

lie 

he                   he 

he 

hi 

hi                    hi 

hi 

ho 

ho                   ho 

ho 

ha 

hu                    hu 

hu 

PRACTICE   WORDS. 

hat 

hate                 ham 

hail 

hen 

heed                 hem 

heel 

hid 

hide                  him 

high 

hop 

hope                hot 

home 

hug 

huge                 hut 

hue 

h       h-a       h-a-t 

hat                    h       h-o 

h-o-t        hot 

74 


MOTION   EXERCISES. 


PALATE   SOUND   WITH  VOWEL   SOUNDS. 
hard  like   K          K  like"v> 


Short  Stretch. 

ae 

6€ 
1C 

oe 

U€ 

act 
peck 
pick 
lock 
luck 
c-a 


EXERCISE. 

2  3 

Long  Stretch.  Short  Push. 

€a  €a 

ke  ke 

kl  kl 

€0  €0 

€U  €U 

PRACTICE  WORDS. 


Long  Push. 

ke 
kl 

€0 
€U 


•6 — a~ 


cake 

cat 

cane 

keep 
kite 

kettle 
kick 

keel 
kind 

cone 

cot 

coat 

cute 

cut 

cube 

cat 

k       k-I 

k-i-t       kite 

MOTION   EXERCISES. 


75 


PALATE    SOUND   WITH   VOWEL   SOUNDS. 

I 


1 

Short  Stretch. 

ag 
eg 

5g 
fig 

agate 

egg 
big 
dog 
bug 

g       g-e 


EXERCISE. 

2 
Short  Push. 


ga 

ge 


gu 

PRACTICE   WORDS. 

gag 
get 

gig 
got 

gun 
g-e-t       get          g       g-u 


3 

Long  Push. 

ga 


go 
gate 

gold 
2-u-n 


gun 


76 


MOTION   EXERCISES. 


PALATE  SOUND   WITH  VOWEL  SOUNDS. 


EXERCISE. 


Short  Stretching  Exercise. 

ya 


Long  Stretching  Exercise. 

ya 


yo 


y  ye 

y  yo 

y  ye 

y  yg 


PRACTICE  WORDS. 

yankee 

yellow 

yonder 

ye-t        yet  y 

yo-n        yon  y 

yel-low  yellow  y 

ye-s        yes  y 


yo 


yard 

year 
yoke 

yo-k 
yar-d 

yoke 
yard 

yar-n 
yo-n 

yarn 
yon 

MOTION  EXERCISES. 


77 


NASAL  OR  NOSE  SOUND  WITH  VOWEL  SOUNDS. 

n 


EXERCISE. 


Short  Stretch. 

Long  Stretch. 

Short  Push. 

Long  Push. 

an 

an 

na 

na 

en 

en 

ne 

ne 

in 

in 

m 

ni 

on 

on 

no 

no 

un 

un 

nu 

nu 

n 


and 
end 
inch 
on 

uncle 
n-o       n-6-t 


PRACTICE  WORDS. 

angel  nap 

seen  net 

line  nip 

lone  nod 

tune  nut 

not  n       n-o 


name 
need 
nice 
note 
nude 
n-o-t       note 


78  MOTION  EXERCISES. 


NASAL  SOUND  WITH  VOWEL  SOUNDS. 

ng    n  like  ng 


ng  ang  bang 

ng  ing  ring 

ng  ong  wrong 

ng  ting  sung 

PRACTICE  WORDS. 


ng        a-ng 
n          m 

sa-ng        sang 
in-k          ink 

ng        smg-er 
n           fin-ger 

singer 
finger 

sting  er 
swing  er 

wring  er 
spring  er 

Ion  ger 
lin  ger 

fin  ger 
him  ger 

NOTE.  —  ng  is  the  equivalent  of  n  marked  with  a  bar  below  it. 
n  is  like  ng,  when  n  comes  before  the  sound  of  k,  or  hard  -g,  as  in 
ink,  finger,  etc. 


MOTION   EXERCISES. 


79 


TONGUE  SOUND  WITH  VOWEL  SOUNDS. 

1 


Short  Stretch. 

al 
el 
il 
51 
ul 

alley 
elm 
ill 

olive 
ulster 
1     1-a     1-a-p 


EXERCISE. 

Long  Stretch.  Short  Push. 


al 
el 
II 
ol 
ul 


la 
le 
II 

lo 
lu 


PRACTICE   WORDS. 


ale 

eel 

mile 

old 

mule 


lap 


lamb 
let 
lit 
log 
lug 
1     1-a     l-a-< 


Long  Push. 

la 

le 

II 

15 

lu 

lame 

lead 

light 

lone 

lute 

lace 


80 


MOTION   EXERCISES. 


TONGUE   SOUND   WITH  VOWEL  SOUNDS. 

r 


Short  Stretch. 

ar 
er 
ir 
or 
dr 

arrow 
errand 
bird 
orange 
urge 
r     r-a     r-a-t 


EXERCISE. 

Long  Stretch.  Short  Push. 


ar 

er 

ir 

or 

ur 


ra 

re 

ri 

ro 

ru 


PRACTICE   WORDS. 


Long  Push. 

ra 

re 

ri 

ro 

ru 


rat 


air 

rat 

rain 

ear 

red 

read 

ire 
orb 
urn 

rip 
rod 
run 

ripe 
rope 
rude 

r     r-i 

r-i-p     ri 

MOTION  EXERCISES. 


81 


TEETH   SOUND   WITH  VOWEL   SOUNDS. 


Short  Stretch. 

at 

et 
it 
ot 
ut 


EXERCISE. 

Long  Stretch.          Short  Push. 


attic 

etching 

itch 

otter 

utter 

t-a-p 


at 

ta 

et 

te 

it 

ti 

ot 

to 

ut 

tu 

PRACTICE 

WORDS. 

ate 

tan 

eat 

ten 

mite 

tin 

note 
mute 

top 
tub 

tap 

t     a-t 

Long  Push. 

ta 
te 
ti 
to 
tu 

tame 
team 
time 
topaz 
tube 
at-tie  attic 


82 


MOTION   EXERCISES. 


TEETH   SOUND   WITH  VOWEL  SOUNDS. 

d 


Short  Stretch. 

ad 
ed 
id 
od 
ud 

add 

edge 

idiot 

odd 

rudder 


EXERCISE. 

Long  Stretch.  Short  Push. 


ad 
ed 
id 
od 
ud 


da 
de 
di 
do 
du 


PRACTICE  WORDS. 

aid  dab 

heed  den 

ride  din 

road  dog 

rude  dug 


Long  Push. 

da 
de 
di 

do 
du 

date 
deed 
dine 
dose 
dupe 


d-a       d-a-b       dab 


d      d-o      d-o-g      dog 


MOTION  EXERCISES. 


83 


TEETH   SOUND   WITH   VOWEL   SOUNDS, 


Short  Push. 

cha 
die 
chi 
cho 
chu 

chap 

chest 

chip 

chop 

chum 


ch    ch 


EXERCISE. 

Long  Push. 

cha 
che 
chi 
cho 
chu 

PRACTICE   WORDS. 

change 

cheese 

child 

choke 

church 


Long  Push. 

gha 

(There  are  very 
few  words  having 
this  sound.) 


Chaise 
machine 


ch      ch-e      ch-e-k      cheek      ch      ch-i      ch-i-m      chime 


84 


MOTION  EXERCISES. 


TEETH   SOUND  WITH   VOWEL   SOUNDS. 

•  •  •  • 

J  like  g  soft         g  soft  like  J 


Short  Stretch. 

ag 
eg 

og 
ug 


EXERCISE. 

Long  Stretch.         Short  Push. 

ag  ja 

eg  je 


Long  Push. 


^g  J1 

PRACTICE  WORDS. 


badge 
edge 
ridge 
lodge 
nudge 

age 
siege 

huge 

jam 
jet 

Jill 
job 

Jug 


j-a         j-a-m 


am 


Jane 

Jean 

jibe 

joke 

June 

j-o-b         job 


MOTION  EXERCISES. 


85 


TEETH  SOUNDS. 
S  like  C         Q  like  S         S  like  Z 


EXERCISE. 


Use  Short  Stretching. 

as 

es 
is 

OS 

us 

ash 
escort 
is 

ostrich 
us 
s-a       s-a-nd 


Long  Stretching. 

Short  Pushing.      Long  Pushing. 

ac, 

sa 

sa 

es 

se,  96 

se 

is 

si 

si,  91 

OS 

so 

so 

us 

JL 

su 

su 

PRACTICE   WORDS. 

ace 

sat 

sane 

ease 

set,  cent 

seed 

wise 

sip 

side,  cite 

rose 

sop 

soap 

use 

sum 

suet 

sand 

s       s-o 

s-o-p       soap 

86 


MOTION   EXERCISES. 


TEETH  SOUNDS. 
O  marked  thus  O  like  Z 


EXERCISE. 

Use  Short  Pushing. 

ze        as 

zi         is" 

Long  Pushing. 

ze       es 

ZO          OS 

X 

Long  Pushing. 

az 
ez 

1Z 

zest 
zinc 
was 

_L 

visit 

z-e       z-e-st 
z-i        z-i— n-€ 


PRACTICE  WORDS, 
zebra 
zone 
easy 
close 


zest 
zinc 


z-e 
z-o 


blaze 

breeze 

prize 

ze-bra       zebra 
z-o-n        zone 


MOTION   EXERCISES. 


87 


TEETH   SOUND  WITH   VOWEL  SOUNDS. 

sh 


sh 


EXERCISE. 

1- 

2 

3 

Short  Stretch. 

Long  Stretch. 

Short  Push. 

ash 

sha 

ash 

esh 

she 

esh 

ish 

shi 

Ish 

osh 

sho 

osh 

ush 

ush 

PRACTICE 

WORDS. 

ash 

shade 

hash 

mesh 
dish 

sheep 
shine 

flesh 
fish 

bosh 

shone 

bosh 

rush 

rush 

sh-a 

sh-a-d     shade 

sh     sh- 

Long  Push. 

sha 
she 
shi 
sho 
shy 

shape 

she 

shine 

show 

shy 

sh-i-p      ship 


88 


MOTION  EXERCISES. 


TEETH   SOUND    WITH  VOWEL   SOUNDS. 

zh 


EXERCISE. 

Use  Short  Pushing  Exercise. 

zh  a-zh 

zh  e-zh 

zh  e-zh 


azure 

exposure 

provision 


PRACTICE   WORDS. 

grazier  treasure 


rouge 
adhesion 


composure 
usury 


usual 

pleasure 

cohesion 


MOTION  EXERCISES. 


89 


TEETH  SOUND   WITH  VOWEL  SOUNDS. 

th    th 


EXERCISE. 

Short  Stretching.     Long  Stretching.        Short  Pushing. 

Long  Pushing 

ath 

ath 

tha 

tha 

eth 

eth 

the 

the 

ith 

Ith 

thi 

thi 

8th 

oth 

tho 

tho 

uth 

thu 

PRACTICE 

WORDS. 

hath 

bathe 

than 

thaw 

breath 

seethe 

then 

theme 

with 
broth 

writhe 
clothe 
youth 

this 
thong 
thus 

thigh 
though 

i     th-a 

th-a-nk     thank 

th     th-a 

th-a-t 

that 


90 


MOTION    EXERCISES. 


TEETH  SOUND   WITH  VOWEL   SOUNDS. 

th   th  sh 


EXERCISE.  —Short  Stretching  Exercise. 
Short  Stretching  Exercise.  Short  Stretching  Exercise. 


tha 
the 
thi 
tho 
thu 


PRACTICE   WORDS. 


th 
th 

th-a 
th-e 

thank 
them 
thin 
thong 
thus 
th-a-n-k     thank 
th-e-m        then 

sh 
sh 

sha 

she 

sh! 

sho 

shu 

shad 

shed 

ship 

shop 

shut 

sh-a     sh-a-d     shad 
sh  -t      sh-i-p      ship 


MOTION  EXERCISES. 


91 


LIP  SOUND  WITH  VOWEL  SOUNDS. 


P 


Short  Stretch. 

ap 
ep 

op 
up 

apple 
reptile 

UP 

mop 
cup 
p      p-a      p-a-n 


EXERCISE. 

Long  Stretch.  Short  Push. 

ap  pa 

ep  pe 


op 
up 


pu 


PRACTICE  WORDS. 


ape 
keep 
ripe 
mope 
u  pas 
pan 


pad 
pet 
pin 
poll 
pup 


Long  Push. 

pa 
pe 

Pi 
po 

pu 

paid 
peel 
pine 
pole 
pure 


p      p-a      p-a-n      pane 


MOTION  EXERCISES. 


LIP  SOUND  WITH  VOWEL  SOUNDS. 


b 


Short  Stretch. 

ab 
eb 
ib 
ob 
ub 


cab 

ebony 

ribbon 

job 

tub 


EXERCISE. 

Long  Stretch.  Short  Push. 


ab 

eb 

Ib 

ob 

ub 


ba 
be 
bi 
bo 
bu 


PRACTICE  WORDS. 

able  bat 

feeble  bed 

jibe  bib 

Job  box 

tube  bug 


b       b-a       b-a-t       bat 


b-i 


Long  Push. 

ba 
be 
bi 
bo 
bu 

bait 

bead 

bite 

boat 

bugle 

b-i-b        bib 


MOTION    EXERCISES. 


93 


LIP   SOUND   WITH  VOWEL  SOUNDS. 


Short  Stretch. 

af 
ef 
if 
of 


afford 

left 

lift 

offer 

cuff 


EXERCISE. 

Long  Stretch.  Short  Push. 


af 
ef 
If 
of 


fa 
fe 
fi 
fo 
fii 


PRACTICE  WORDS. 


safe 
reef 
life 
loaf 


fat 


fat 
fed 
fish 
fox 
fun 
f  f-a 


Long  Push. 

fa 
fe 
fi 
fo 
fu 


fate 
feed 
fine 
foam 
fume 
f-a-t       fate 


94 


MOTION   EXERCISES. 


LIP  SOUND   WITH  VOWEL   SOUNDS. 

V 


Short  Stretch. 

av 
ev 

IV 

ov 


EXERCISE. 

Long  Stretch.  Short  Push. 


av 
ev 

IV 

ov 


va 

ve 
v! 
vo 


Long  Push. 

va 

ve 

VI 

vo 


NOTE.  —  o  thus  marked  like  u  short,  as  in  oven,  son,  etc. 
PRACTICE  WORDS. 

save  van 

eve  velvet 

hive  village 

oval  volley 

van  v     v-a     v-a-n 


avenue 
ever 
river 
oven 
v     v-a     v-a-n 


vane 
veal 
vine 
vote 


MOTION   EXERCISES. 


95 


LIP  SOUND  WITH  VOWEL  SOUNDS. 

m 


Short  Stretch. 

am 
em 
im 
om 
um 


ham 

hem 

him 

romp 

hum 


EXERCISE. 

Long  Stretch.  S 

am 

em 

im 

om 

um 

PRACTICE  WORDS. 

game  mat 

beam  met 

lime  mill 

home 
human 


rt  Push. 

Long  Push. 

ma 

ma 

me 

me 

mi 

mi 

mo 

mo 

mu 

mu 

mop 
mud 


mate 
meat 
mine 
mope 
mute 


m 


m-a 


m-a-n 


man 


m 


m-a      m-a-n      mane 


96 


MOTION   EXERCISES. 


LIP  SOUND  WITH  VOWEL  SOUNDS. 

w 


EXERCISE. 

Long  Stretching  Exercise. 

wa 
we 
wi 
wo 


Short  Stretching  Exercise. 

wa 
we 
wi 
wo 
NOTE.  —  Letter  o  thus  marked  like  short  oo  as  in  wolf,  etc. 

PRACTICE   WORDS. 

wag  wave 

wet  »    weep 

wig  wipe 

wolf  woe 

w     wa-x  wax  w     wa-v     wave 


MOTION   EXERCISES. 


97 


MOTION  EXERCISES  WITH   COMBINATIONS. 
X  like  kS         X  like  gZ 


POSITION   1. 


POSITION  2. 


Short  Pushing  Exercise. 

ax  ix  ex 

ex  'ox 

PRACTICE   WORDS. 

wax  exact 

flax  exist 

vex  example 

six  auxiliary 


x     ax     wa-x  wax 

x     ex     ex-am-ple     example 


x     ox     b-o-x     box 
x     ox     f-o-x     fox 


98 


MOTION   EXERCISES. 


MOTION  EXERCISES  WITH  COMBINATIONS. 

qu  Hke  kw 


EXERCISE.  —  Stretching  Exercise. 
Short  Stretching  Exercise.  Long  Stretching  Exercise. 


qua 
que 
qui 
quo 
qua 


qua 
que 
qui 
quo 
qua 


PRACTICE  WORDS. 

quail 
queen 
quite 
quote 
quarter 
qu     quo      quo-t        quote 

. q  is  always  followed  by  u  and  the  two  have  the  sound  of 

lav.     Quack  like  kwak,  quote  like  kwot. 


qu     qua 


quack 
quell 
quick 
quod 
quart 
qua-k    quack 


MOTION  EXERCISES, 


99 


MOTION  EXERCISES  WITH  COMBINATIONS. 

wh 


EXERCISE.  —Pushing  Exercise. 
Use  Short  Pushing  Exercise.  Long  Pushing  Exercise. 

wha  wha 

whe  whe 

whi  whi 


PRACTICE  WORDS. 


what 

when 

whip 

whatnot 

whetstone 

whisper 

wh       wh-a-t       what 


wh 


whale 
wheel 
white 

whalebone 

wheat 

whiten 

whine 
wh-a-1 


whale 


NOTE.  —  h  aspirate  before  wh. 


100 


MOTION  EXERCISES. 


PRACTICE   IN  SHORT  VOWEL  SOUNDS. 


POSITION  1. 


POSITION  2. 


SHORT   STRETCHING  EXERCISE. 


For  short  vowels  assume  Position  1.  As  sounds  are 
uttered,  have  hands  drawn  quickly  apart  to  Position  2. 
This  gives  the  necessary  abrupt  or  expulsive,  sound. 


a-e-i-o-u 

s^x  s^.x  v— '       «^-x  ^*^         s»x 

a-e       i-o       u-a 

^ ^  ^^ X          ^^X  "***^S          ***—S          ^^^  ^— S  **+^S  \i^^ 

a-e-i       a-i-o       a-o-u 


MOTION   EXERCISER, 


101 


PRACTICE  IN  LONG  VOWEL  SOUNDS. 


POSITION   1. 


POSITION  2. 


Use  this  exercise  with  these  vowel  sounds. 


a-e       a-e-       a- 


e--o  _   -o      j^o 
o-i       o-a-i       o-a-e 


102  MOTION  EXERCISES. 


SHORT  AND  LONG  VOWELS  COMBINED, 

Use  the  short  and  long  stretching  exercises  with  these  vowels. 

a-a  e-e  T-I 
6-0  u-u 

a-a  e-e  I-T 
o-o  u-u 

a-e       e-T       1-6 


Use  the  long  and  short  stretching  exercises  with  these  vowels. 

a-e       e-o       a-y  (as 
e-e-e       a-a~a       T-T- 

6-6-6       ia-u-u 
a-a-a       e-e-e       1-1-1 


PART  III. 


VOWELS    AND    CONSONANTS    CLASSIFIED. 

NOTE.  —  Vowel  sounds  depend  upon  the  extent  and  manner  of  open- 
ing the  mouth.  They  are  unobstructed  voice  sounds  or  pure  tones. 

Sub-vocals  or  Vocal  Consonants  are  uttered  with  a  slight  degree  of 
vocality ;  that  is,  tone  united  with  breath.  They  are  obstructed  voice 
sounds.  Sub-vocals  or  consonants  require  a  greater  effort  of  the  speak- 
ing organs  than  vocals  or  vowels. 

Sub-vocals  or  Vocal  Consonants  are  b,  d,  g,  j,  1,  in,  n,  ng,  r,  v,  w,  y, 
z,  th,  zh. 

Atonies  or  Aspirate  Consonants  have  no  tone  or  vocality.  They  are 
breathings  only,  or  produced  by  a  current  of  the  whispering  breath 
through  certain  parts  of  the  mouth. 

Atonies  or  Aspirate  Consonants  are  f,  h,  k,  p,  s,  t,  th,  sh,  ch,  wh. 

CORRELATIVES    OR    COGNATES. 

Eight  sub-vocals  and  eight  aspirates  may  be  arranged  in 
pairs  called  correlatives  or  cognates,  because  they  are  formed 
with  the  same  position  of  the  organs.  The  first  four  pairs 
are  explosive ;  the  others  are  continuous. 

Sub-vocals  or  voice  sounds.  Aspirates  or  breath  sounds. 

b  P 

d  t 

g  k 

j  CQ 

th  th 

v  f 

z  s 

zh  sh 

103 


104 


VOWEL  SOUNDS   WITH   CONSONANTS. 


PRACTICE   WORK. 

VOWEL   SOUNDS. 

a 
a 

at 

ate 

ankle 
apron 

candy 
baker 

apple 
paper 

attic 
April 

e 
e 

egg 
eel 

edge 
eagle 

entry 
hero 

net 
neat 

west 
east 

I 
I 

imp 
ice 

inch 
high 

silk 
time 

infant 
iron 

idiot 
tiger 

5 

0 

odd 
old 

God 
glory 

office 
home 

coffee 
poet 

chop 
story 

u 
ii 

us 
use 

tub 
tube 

usher 
unit 

tumbler 
tulip 

umpire 
June 

y  like 
y  like 

i  short 
1  long 

• 

y 
y 

hymn 
my 

nymph 

fly 

lily 
reply 

every 
rely 

monkey 
July 

a 

a 

arm 
ask 

half 
past 

march 

class 

army 

glass 

park 
master 

a 
a 

all 
was 

ball 
watch 

waltz 
wash 

water 
wan 

August 
wander 

a 

£ 

air 
where 

pair 
there 

hair 
heir 

fare 
heiress 

care 
their 

er 
ir 
ur 

err 
firm 
fur 

her 
sir 
furl 

verse 
girl 
purse 

person 
bird 
purple 

perch 
first 
church 

CONSONANTS  CLASSIFIED  INTO  ASPIRATES  AND  SUB-VOCALS.    105 


PRACTICE   WORK.  —  CONSONANTS   CLASSIFIED. 

Aspirates  —  Breath. 

Sub-vocals  —  Tone  with  Breath. 

h 

hash 

hiss 

1 

lash 

list 

h 

home 

high. 

1 

late 

lie 

wh 
wh 

white 
when 

whisper 
whale 

W 
W 

wit 
wen 

wisp 
wail 

P 
P 

pin 
pole 

pun 
push 

b 
b 

bin 
bowl 

bun 
bush 

c 
k 

cash 
kind 

coat 
Kate 

g 
g 

gash 

gin 

goat 
gate 

ch 
ch 

chap 
chase 

choose 
cheer 

j 
j 

jam 
jet 

June 
July 

f 
f 

fast 
face 

fishy 
fine 

V 
V 

vast 
vase 

vale 
vine 

s 

sink 

sent 

z 

zinc 

zest 

s 

signal 

seal 

z 

zigzag 

zeal 

t 

tin 

tint 

d 

din 

dint 

t 

tick 

tell 

d 

Dick 

dell 

th 

thick 

thistle 

til 

them 

soothe 

th 

think 

thigh 

th 

then 

smooth 

sh 

shine 

sheriff 

zh 

azure 

treasure 

sh 
th 
sh 
ch 

shame 
thirty 
hush 
cherry 

shell 
thirsty 
blush 
cheese 

zh 
th 
zh 

j 

pleasure 
mother 
grazier 
judge 

measure 
father 
glazier 
January 

106 


CONSONANTS   CLASSIFIED. 


PRACTICE  WORK.—  CONSONANTS  DIVIDED  ACCORDING 
TO  THE  ORGANS  USED. 

Palate  or  Throat  Sounds. 

€-k 

g 

came 
game 

card 
guard 

cape 
gape 

cold 
gold 

y 

yard 

yacht 

yoke 

yonder 

Nasal  or 

Nose  Sounds. 

n 

navy 

nephew             ninety 

November 

ng 
n 

sing 
kink 

sang 
pink 

singer 
finger 

singing 
ink 

Lingual  or 

Tongue  Sounds. 

1 
r 

lake 
rake 

leap 
reap 

light 

right 

locket 
rocket 

lusty 
rusty 

Dental  or 

Teeth  Sounds. 

t 

tame 

tent 

time 

toe 

trunk 

d 

dame 

dent 

dime 

doe 

drunk 

ch 

char 

chest 

chill 

choke 

chunk 

j 

jar 

jest 

Jill 

joke 

junk 

th 

thatch 

three 

thin 

throat 

south 

th 

that 

thee 

thine 

those 

thou 

3 

base 

seal 

hiss 

sink 

dose 

Z 

baize 

zeal 

fizz 

zinc 

doze 

sh 

ash 

fresh 

shaver 

shame 

show 

zh 

azure 

treasure 

glazier 

brazier 

hosier 

Labial  or  Lip  Sounds. 

i 

pack 

back 

peg 
beg 

pile 
bile 

pony 
bony 

pug 
bug 

f 
V 

fail 
vale 

ferry 
very 

fine 
vine 

fowl 
vow 

fern 
verge 

m 

May 

men 

mill 

mow 

morn 

w 

way 

wen 

will 

woe 

worn 

COMBINATION   OF  SOUNDS. 


107 


PRACTICE   WORK. 

ai  like  a 
a 

mail 
male 

sail 
sale 

pail 
pale 

hail 
hale 

gait 
gate 

paint 
cage 

ea  like  e 
e 
e  like  a 

beat 
beet 
they 

heal       dear          hear        peal 
heel       deer          here         peel 
eight     eighteen  eighty     sleigh 

speak 
cheek 
skein 

ie  like  I 

pie 

flies 

cries 

skies 

spies 

dried 

ie  like  e 

grief 

brief 

thief 

chief 

thieve 

lief 

ea  like  e 

deaf 

death 

dead 

wealth 

health 

breath 

ight  like  it 

light 

might 

right 

sight 

tight 

plight 

oa  like  o 

soap 

road 

boat 

goat 

coat 

load 

ow  like  o 

elbow 

yellow 

willow 

grow 

know 

snow 

oi 

°y 

oil 
boy 

boil 
toy 

point 
coy 

moist 

j°y 

coil 
enjoy 

voice 
oyster 

ou 
ow 

out 
owl 

ounce 
gown 

loud 
town 

proud 
towel 

mouse 
vowel 

trout 
flower 

do 
06 

good 
moon 

wool 
noon 

wood 
boot 

book 
spool 

look 
spoon 

brook 
food 

o  like  do 

woman 

wolf 

wolves 

wolfish 

6,  o  like  a 

cork 

corn 

cork 

force 

fork 

horse 

u  like  oo 

rude 

rule 

rural 

rumor 

truth 

fruit 

u  like  06 

full 

pull 

push 

pushing 

bushel 

bush 

108 


COMBINATION   OF  SOUNDS. 


PRACTICE   WORK. 

ex  like  ks.  ex  like  gz. 


ex         vex       exit  ex 

ex         extra    express  ex 


exact         exhaust 
example    examine 


qu  like  kw. 

'  q         quack 

queen 

queer 

q         quite 

quote 

quail 

ed  like  d 

aimed 

pleased 

filled 

feared 

ed  like  t 

kissed 

danced 

dropped 

wished 

ed  like  ed 

minded 

banded 

crowded 

guided 

whit 
when 
whip 

whistle 
whittle 
whimper 

whisper 
whirlpool 
whisker 

white 
while 
what 

has 
phrase 

catch 


w  is  silent. 

whoop  who 

whole  whom 

whose  wholesome 

s  marked  thus  s  has  the  sound  of  z. 

nose  rise  prose  muse 


rose 


wise 


prison 


tch  like  sound  of  ch. 
patch      batch       crutch      watch 


amuse 


match 


COMBINATIONS.  109 


SPECIAL   PRACTICE   WORK. 

Simple  Sound  of  ng. 

ang 
ing 
5ng 
ung 

rang 
king 
song 
sung 

slang 
fling 
strong 
flung 

bang 
sting 
wrong 
swung 

banging 
singing 
wronging 

ng       sing 
ng       sing 

er 
ing 

spring  er 
spring  ing 

sting 
sting 

er          ring  er 
ing        ring  ing 

n  like  ng  before  the  sound  of  k  or  hard  g. 

n  fin  ger  Ion  ger  jin  gle  hun  ger 

finger  longer  jingle  hunger 

n  lin  ger  stron  ger         tin  gle  an  gle 

linger  stronger  tingle  angle 

n  like  ng  followed  by  k  aspirate  sound. 

n  like  ng         ink          wink          pink          link          prink 
n  like  ng         kink        mink          drink        sink          shrink 

n  followed  by  g  soft  in  these  words. 

stin  gy  gin  ger  singed  plun  ger 

stingy  ginger  singe  plunge 

SPECIAL  PRACTICE  WITH  wh. 

wh  wh  wh  wh 

what  when  whip  whale 

whack  wheth  er          which  whim 

what  ev  er         whence  whin0  whist 


110 


COMBINATIONS. 


SPECIAL  PRACTICE   WORK. 

PRACTICE  WITH  ing. 


ing 

advancing 
beating 
clapping 


mg 

delaying 
ending- 
finding 


ing 

giggling 
hanging 
icing 


ing 

jumping 
kindling 
longing 

7 

ing 

ringing 
swinging 
tingling 


ing 

mending 
needing 
opening 


ing 

usurping 
visiting 
washing 


ing 

pushing 
quenching 
ushering 

9 

ing 

examining 
yachting 
zigzagging 


ch 

chap 
chaff 
chance 


€h 

chord 


PRACTICE 

WITH  ch. 

ch 

ch 

ch 

ch 

check 
chest 

chick 
chick 

chop 
en         choose 

chum 
chuck 

chess 

chip 

choc  o 

late 

chunk 

€h 

€h 

€h 

chorus 

choral 

chorister 

strength 


PRACTICE  WITH   th   FINAL. 

width         length         breadth 


health 


SPECIAL   PRACTICE  WORK. 


Ill 


PRACTICE   WORK. 

HOMONYMS. 


beet 

blew 

bow 

bury 

bear 

cite 

beat 

blue 

beau 

berry 

bare 

site 

bear 

sight 

cede 

clause 

chord 

climb 

coarse 

cent 

seed 

claws 

cord 

clime 

course 

sent 

scent 

dear 

due 

draft 

flower 

flee 

fair 

deer 

dew 

draught 

flour 

flea 

fare 

ring 

rite 

blue 

tear 

vail 

hare 

wring 

write 

blew 

tier 

vale 

hair 

bow 

bread 

ceil 

course 

cell 

ball 

bough 

bred 

seal 

coarse 

sell 

bawl 

PRACTICE  WITH  SINGULAR  AND  PLURAL  WORDS. 


calf 

man 

foot 

tooth 

half 

calves 

men 

feet 

teeth 

halves 

life 
lives 

knife 
knives 

wife 
wives 

chief 
chiefs 

gulf 
gulfs 

leaf 
leaves 

loaf 
loaves 

thief 
thieves 

safe 
safes 

proof 
proofs 

sheaf 
sheaves 

mouse 
mice 

goose 
geese 

woman 
women 

city 
cities 

wharf 
wharves 


shelf 
shelves 


half 
halves 


fly 

flies 


cry 
cries 


112     CLAPPING  EXERCISE  USED   WITH   THE   VOWEL  SOUNDS. 


CLAPPING  EXERCISE. 

Clap  the  hands  together-  as  many  times  as  denoted  by  the 
number  of  syllables  in  the  given  word,  clapping  with  added 
force  as  the  accented  syllable  is  uttered.  Clap  the  hands  for 
the  vowel  sounds  above  the  divided  word ;  also  clap  for  each 
syllable  in  the  word. 

The  accented  syllable  is  marked  thus  ( ' ).  Hence,  a  louder 
clap  is  required  for  the  accented  syllable. 

SPECIAL   PRACTICE 

y 


a         a 

al'ways 

always 

a         o 

al'so 

also 

e         o 

he'ro 

hero 

o         e 

po'et 

poet 

a         e 

mar'ket 

market 

o         e 

ro'ses 

roses 

a         i 

art'ist 

artist 

U             1 

u'nit 

unit 

u         i 

u  nite' 

unite 

a     o     a 

au  ro'ra 

aurora 

o         6 

so'lo 

solo 

ba'by 

baby 

e         a 

re  mark' 

remark 

o         a 

so'fa 

sofa 

o         y 

ho'ly 

holy 

o          y 

sto'ry 

story 

ler 

sis'ter 

sister 

i  er 

high'er 

higher 

e  i  e 

de  light'ed 

delighted 

0             1 

office 

office 

o         e 

coffee 

coffee 

o         y 

glo'ry 

glory 

WORDS   DIVIDED   INTO  SYLLABLES. 


113 


SPECIAL  CLAPPING  EXERCISE  USED  WHILE  UTTERING 

THE   WORDS   OF  TWO   OR   MORE   SYLLABLES. 

a 

a 

ap'ple 

apple 

a'corn 

acorn 

bar'rel 

barrel 

ba'by 

baby 

can'dy 

candy 

la'dy 

lady 

dai'sy 

daisy 

pa'per 

paper 

gaHon 

gallon 

ha'lo 

halo 

han'dy 

handy 

na'vy 

navy 

spar'row 

sparrow 

gra'vy 

gravy 

satch'el 

satchel 

ta'ble 

table 

cam'el 

camel 

ca'per 

caper 

tal'ly 

tally 

ta'per 

taper 

val'ley 

valley 

va'por 

vapor 

e 

e 

emp'ty 

empty 

Eas'ter 

Easter 

ber'ry 

berry 

bea'ver 

beaver 

cel'lar 

cellar 

crea'ture 

creature 

fer'ry 

ferry 

fea'ture 

feature 

lem'on 

lemon 

he'ro 

hero 

mer'ry 

merry 

teach-'er 

teacher 

ten'nis 

tennis 

read'er 

reader 

pen'ny 

penny 

sleep'er    . 

sleeper 

ce'dar 

cedar 

ce  ment' 

cement 

cen'tral 

central 

ce're  al 

cereal 

eb'o  ny 

ebony 

ea'gle 

eagle 

net'ting 

netting 

nee'dle 

needle 

114 


WORDS   DIVIDED   INTO   SYLLABLES. 


SPECIAL  CLAPPING  EXERCISE  USED  WHILE  UTTERING 

THE   WORDS  OF  TWO   OR  MORE   SYLLABLES. 

i 

I 

in'sect 

insect 

i'cy 

icy 

bis'cuit 

biscuit 

di'et 

diet 

crick'et 

cricket 

di'a  mond 

diamond 

riv'er 

river 

bi'son 

bison 

pic'ture 

picture 

Mac 

lilac 

lil'y 

lily 

mi'ner 

miner 

sis'ter 

sister 

high'er 

higher 

din'ner 

dinner 

gi'ant 

giant 

lim'ber 

limber 

li'on 

lion 

ticket 

ticket 

ti'dy 

tidy 

lit'tle 

little 

live'ly 

lively 

0 

o 

office 

office 

o'pen 

open 

offer 

offer 

ho'ly 

holy 

or'ange 

orange 

glorry 

glory 

ol'lve 

olive 

sto'ry 

story 

coffee 

coffee 

po'ker 

poker 

choc'o  late 

cbocolate 

so'lo 

solo 

dol'lar 

dollar 

clo'ver 

clover 

pock'et 

pocket 

po'et 

poet 

lob'ster 

lobster 

lo'cust 

locust 

gob'let 

goblet 

go  riria 

gorilla 

dol'phin 

dolphin 

dole'ful 

doleful 

top'ic 

topic 

to'tal 

total 

WORDS   DIVIDED   INTO  SYLLABLES. 


115 


SPECIAL  CLAPPING  EXERCISE  USED  WHILE  UTTERING 
THE   WORDS   OF  TWO   OR  MORE   SYLLABLES. 


up'per 

un'cle 

num'ber 

pup'py 

hunt'er 

Sun'day 

muffin 

thun'der 


u 


upper 

uncle 

number 

puppy 

hunter 

Sunday 

muffin 

thunder 


u 


u'nit 

unit 

use'ful 

useful 

stu'dent 

student 

stu'pid 
hu'mor 

stupid 
humor 

tu'tor 

tutor 

Tues'day 
plu'ral 

Tuesday 
plural 

art'ist 

artist 

aun'ty 

aunty 

bar'ley 

barley 

car'pet 

carpet 

garment 

garment 

fa'ther 

father 

far'ther 

farther 

mar'ket 

market 

au'thor 

author 

au'tumn 

autumn 

al'ways 
Au'gust 
au  ro'ra 

always 
August 
aurora 

daughter 
wa'ter 

daughter 
water 

sau'cer 

saucer 

SPECIAL  PRACTICE. 

Hold  mouth  positions  as  illustrated  in  this  book  for  the 
time  of  five  silent  counts,  long  enough  to  train  the  organs 
to  correct  action  before  uttering  the  sound. 

Practice  lifting  the  tongue  for  the  letters  I  and  r.  Hold 
tongue  in  position  while  counting  five  before  uttering  the 
sound. 

Hold  mouth  'wide  enough  open  to  make  room  for  the 
vibrations  in  the  mouth  before  uttering  the  sound,  drop- 
ping the  jaw  readily  for  the  sound  of  a  broad,  as  well  as 


116  DRILL  IN   QUANTITY  OR  TIME   WITH    VOWELS. 

opening  wide  for  a  Italian.   .  Practice  holding  position  firmly 
before  uttering  the  sound. 


VOWELS. 

Time  Drill.  Vowels  with  Consonants. 


a 

a-t 

at 

a 

h-a-nd 

hand, 

gal  lop 

gallop 

e 

e-nd 

end 

e 

1-e-nd 

lend, 

mel  on 

melon 

I 

i-t 

it 

I 

p-i-n 

pin, 

sil  ver 

silver 

0 

o-n 

on 

-0 

s-o-ng 

song, 

dol  lar 

dollar 

u 

u-s 

us 

u 

s-ii-n 

sun, 

Sun  day 

Sunda 

Hold  mouth  position  for  simple  vowel  sounds  time  of  two 
counts  before  uttering  the  consonant  sounds,  although  ex- 
plosive in  utterance. 

Compound  Vowel  Sounds. 


a 

a-c 

ace 

a 

f-a-c 

face, 

la  dy 

lady 

e 

e-1 

eel 

e 

f-e-1 

feel, 

he  ro 

hero 

I 

I-c 

ice 

I 

v-I-n 

vine, 

ti  dy 

tidy 

0 

o-ld. 

old 

0 

t-o-ld 

told, 

sto  ry 

story,    glory 

u 

u-s 

use 

u 

t-u-n 

tune, 

Tues  day  Tuesday 

Hold  mouth  positions  for  compound  vowel  sounds  time  of 
two  counts  for  the  first  part  of  the  sound,  quickly  closing  into 
the  vanishing  sounds, after  which  hold  the  facial  positions  time 
of  two  counts  before  uttering  consonant  sounds  and  words. 

a  a-rt  art  a  f-a-rm  farm,  art  ist  artist 

a  a-11  all  a  b-a-11  ball,  al  ways  always 

a  ai-r  air  a  f-ai-r  fair,  fai  ry  fairy 

e  er  err  e  h-er  her,  ear  nest  earnest 

Hold  mouth  positions  for  vowel  sounds  time  of  three 
counts  before  uttering  consonant  sounds. 


DRILL   IN   QUANTITY    OR  TIME   WITH   CONSONANTS.       117 


SPECIAL   PRACTICE. 

Time  Drill. 

Consonants  with  Vowels. 

b 

b-ot 

boat 

b 

b-and 

band, 

ban  ner 

banner 

c-k 

c-ak 

cake 

c 

c-ak 

cake. 

can  dy 

candy 

d 

d-ep 

deep 

d 

d-al 

dale, 

di  et 

diet 

f 

f-obl 

fool 

f 

f-am 

fame, 

fin  er 

finer 

g 

g-am 

game 

g 

g-old 

gold, 

glo  ry 

glory 

h 

h-om 

home 

h 

h-old 

hold, 

ho  ly 

holy 

1 

l-Tp 

HP 

1 

1-one 

lone, 

low  ly 

lowly 

m 

m-at 

mat 

m 

m-an 

man, 

Ma  ry 

Mary 

n 

n-ip 

nip 

n 

n-ot 

not, 

noi  sy 

noisy 

P 

p-m 

pin 

P 

p-ole 

pole, 

po  ny 

pony 

qu 

qu-en 

queen 

q 

quot 

quote, 

quick  ly    quickly 

r 

r-ap 

rap 

r 

r-ed 

read, 

rush  ing 

rushing 

s 

s-ip 

sip 

s 

s-e 

see, 

sto  ry 

story 

t 

t-ip 

tip 

t 

t-6ol 

tool, 

ti  dy 

tidy 

V 

v-ex 

vex 

V 

v-im 

vim, 

vie  tor 

victor 

w 

w-ax 

wax 

w 

w-av 

wave, 

win  ter 

winter 

X 

a-x 

ax 

X 

w-ax 

wax, 

ax  is 

axis 

y 

ye-t 

yet 

y 

y-es 

yes, 

yon  der 

yonder 

z 

z-on 

zone 

z 

z-on 

zone, 

zig  zag 

zigzag 

ch 

ch-ip 

chip 

ch 

ch-ep 

cheap, 

chil  ly 

chilly 

sh 

sh-ad 

shad 

sh 

sh-ep 

sheep, 

sha  dy 

shady 

th 

th-at 

that 

th 

th-em 

them, 

thick  ly    thickly 

wh 

wh-ich 

which 

wh 

wh-it 

white, 

whi  ter 

whiter 

ng 

s-ong 

song 

ng 

b-ang 

bang, 

sing  er 

singer 

n-k 

in-k 

ink 

nk 

1-in-k 

link, 

fin  ger 

finger 

To  gain  strength  and  flexibility  hold  mouth  positions  for 
the  above  consonant  sounds  while  counting  three  before 
uttering  the  other  sounds. 


DIACRITICAL   MARKS. 


DIACRITICAL   MARKS. 

VOWELS. 

a  short  as  in  at,  hat. 

a  long  as  in  ace,  fac^e. 

a  Italian  as  in  art,  arm. 

a  as  in  ask,  last. 

a  broad  as  in  all,  ball. 

a  like  o  as  in  what,  wan,  was. 

a  as  in  air,  care. 

VOWELS. 

e  short  as  in  end,  met. 
e  long  as  in  eve,  me. 
e  like  a  as  in  their,  heir, 
e  as  in  ermine,  verge, 
e  like  a  as  in  eight,  obey. 


VOWELS. 

i  short  as  in  ill,  pin. 
I  long  as  in  ice,  fine. 
I  as  in  bird,  virgin,  Irksome, 
'i  like  e  as  in  pique,  machine. 
y  short  like  i  as  in  nymph,  hymn. 
y  long  like  I  as  in  fly,  sky. 


DIACRITICAL   MARKS.  119 


DIACRITICAL   MARKS. 

VOWELS. 

o  short  as  in  on,  odd,  God. 
o  long  as  in  old,  no,  note. 
6  like  u  as  in  son,  dove,  other. 
o  like  oo  as  in  do,  move,  prove. 

0  like  do  as  in  wolf,  woman. 

6  like  broad  a  as  in  order,  form. 
06  short  as  in  good,  book,  wool. 
60  as  in  moon,  food,  noon. 

VOWELS. 

u  short  as  in  us,  tub,  up. 

u  long  as  in  use,  tube,  tune. 

u  as  in  urge,  burn. 

u  long  preceded  by  r  as  in  rude,  rule. 

u  like  06  as  in  put,  bull,  push. 

y  is  either  a  vowel  as  any,  etc. ;  or  a  consonant  as  ye,  etc. 

REGULAR   DIPHTHONGAL   SOUNDS. 

01  or  oy,  same  sound  unmarked  as  in  oil,  oyster. 
ou  or  ow,  same  sound  as  in  out,  owl. 


120  DIACRITICAL  MARKS. 

DIACRITICAL  MARKS. 

CONSONANTS. 

€  hard  like  k  as  in  call,  cat,  €an. 

9  soft  like  s  as  in  gede,  gent,  mercj. 

ch  unmarked  as  in  child,  touch,  much. 

ch  hard  like  k  as  in  chorus,  echo,  epoch. 

qh  soft  like  sk  as  in  cjhaise,  machine. 

g  hard  as  in  get,  game. 

g  soft  likej  as  in  gem,  engine,  ginger. 

s  sharp  unmarked  as  in  same,  so,  gas. 

s  soft  or  vocal  like  z  as  in  has,  is,  prison. 

th  unmarked  (whispered)  as  in  think,  path,  truth. 

th  vocal  as  in  that,  thine,  them. 

ng  unmarked  as  in  long,  singer,  tongue,  rang. 

n  with  horizontal  line  under,  like  ng  as  in  ink,  anger,  lank. 

x  like  gz  as  in  example,  exact. 

x  like  Jcs  as  in  exercise. 

ph  like  /  unmarked  as  in  phonics,  seraphic,  sylph. 

qu  like  lew  as  in  queen,  quart,  quantity. 

wh  like  Juv  unmarked  as  in  what,  white,  while. 

zh  as  in  vision,  measure,  treasure. 

The  diacritical  marks  used  here  are  based  on  Webster's  International 
Dictionary,  published  by  G.  &  C.  Merriam  Company,  Springfield,  Mass. 


INDEX. 


LIST  OF  SUBJECTS   AND   II 

PAGE 

Illustrated  motion  exercises  1 

PART   I. 

Vowel  and  consonant  sounds  with 
motion  exercises  and  appli- 
cation to  words. 

Letter  a  short                     •  -  -         7 

.LUSTRATIONS   SPECIFIED. 

Dental  sounds: 
Letter  t                                    ,    . 

d 

ch  

i 

g  soft 

S  

CL  Ion0"           

8 

c  soft  .  .        

6  short 

9 

z 

e  long  

10 
11 
12 
13 
14 
15 
16 

sh  

i  short  
i  long  
o  short  
o  long  
u  short  
u  long    

zh          

th  aspirate  

th  vocal 

Vowel  sounds: 

Aspirated  element: 
Letter  h           

17 

y  like  i  long  

Labial  sounds: 
Letter  p  

Palate  sounds: 
Letter  k  

18 

7, 

c  hard  

.  .       19 

f 

q  hard                      •  •  • 

20 

J  

•y          

y  

Vowel  sound: 
Letter  a  as  in  ask  
Nasal  sounds: 
Letter  n                  

21 
22 
23 

TH                                  ... 

w 

Combinations: 
wh  like  kw 

qu  like  kw  

24 

OK. 

n9  

x  like  ks  and  gz  

Vowel  sound: 
Letter  a  Italian                  .  . 

26 

Vowel  sound: 
Letter  a  as  in  air,  care  
Initial  and  final  consonants  .  .  . 
Initial  consonants  and   Applica- 
tion   

Lingual  sounds: 
Letter  1                   

27 
..        28 

29 
..       30 

Vowel  sounds: 

Initial  consonants   and   Applica- 
tion    

a  as  in  was  

Final  consonants  and  Application 

31 
32 
33 
34 
35 
36 
37 
38 
39 
40 
41 
42 

43 

44 

45 
46 
47 
48 
49 
50 

51 
52 
53 

54 
55 

56 

57 

58 


121 


122 


INDEX. 


PART  II. 

Combination  of  vowel  and  consonant 

sounds  with  motion  exercises 

and  practice  words. 

Vowel  sounds 59 

Aspirated  element  h 73 

Palatal  sounds 74 

Nasal  sounds 77 

Lingual  sounds 79 

Dental  sounds 81 

Labial  sounds 91 

Combinations 97 

Vowels  with  additional  motion 

exercises. .  .  100 


PART  III. 

Vowels  and  consonants  defined  and 

classified  with  varied 

exercises. 

Table  of  correlatives  or  cognates     103 


Practice  work  —  application  of 
short  and  long  vowel  sounds  to 
words 104 

Classification  of  consonants  into 
aspirates  and  sub-vocals,  with 
word  drill 105 

Classification  of  consonants  ac- 
cording to  the  organs  of  speech 
used,  with  word  drill 106 

Practice  work 107 

Practice  work  continued 108 

Homonyms  —  Practice  with  sin- 
gular and  plural  of  words Ill 

Clapping  exercises  used  with  vowel 
sounds  and  syllable  drill 112 

Special  practice  with  mouth  posi- 
tions    116 

Diacritical  marks 118 

Diacritical  marks 120 


14  DAY  USE 

RETURN  TO  DESK  FROM  WHICH  BORROWED 

LOAN  DEPT. 

This  book  is  due  on  the  last  date  stamped  below,  or 

on  the  date  to  which  renewed. 
Renewed  books  are  subject  to  immediate  recall. 


RETC'D  CD 


SEP  8  4  1961 


LD  21A-50m-8,'61 
(Cl795slO)476B 


General  Library 

University  of  California 

Berkeley 


YC  01245 


284199 


UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA  LIBRARY 


